How can a female poet find a place within a male-dominated culture and a male-dominated poetic tradition?

assumptions of culture
conventions of poetic tradition

•Women can't write (good) poetry.
•Women shouldn't write poetry, because it distracts them from their proper duties and makes them unfeminine.
• Corollary: women should be TAUGHT only what they need to fulfill their proper duties
• Women's lives aren't fit subjects for poetry--they're full of petty domestic stuff rather than important things like war and politics.
• Women are morally and intellectually inferior (vain, frivolous, sentimental, sexually voracious, etc.)

•a tradition in which the fore-mentioned cultural assumptions are frequently expressed
• a tradition in which women are objects rather than subjects:

  • by convention, muses
  • by convention, objects of description--e.g. blazon in the sonnet
  • by convention, praised as beautiful rather than intelligent, courageous, etc.
  • etc.
respond how?
find a place how?

•fight back in kind: Montagu against Swift
• accept the charges but dispute the cause: Irwin to Pope--yes, women are triflers, but only because women's education unfits them for serious matters.
• accept the charges and find a niche: Barbauld in "Washing Day": muses lose the buskined step
• ignore the problem and just write: Barbauld in "Meditation"
• dispute the charges

• imitate male poets
  • take the subject role?
  • take the object role?

• subvert the tradition
• start a new tradition