Outline: (A tentative Schedule is included below)

Additional References Include:

Physical Chemistry, by P. W. Atkins (on RESERVE in the library)

Understanding the Properties of Matter, by Michael de Podesta (on RESERVE in the library)

Mathematica will be used on a semi-regular basis in homework assignments; however, no previous Mathematica experience will be required.

The Big Picture:

• Among other topics, Statistical Physics deals with phase transitions between myriad states of matter (e.g., from a paramagnetic state to a ferromagnetic state), and the associated spontaneous symmetry breaking, pattern formation, topological defects, fluctuations, as well as transport problems, etc.
  
  
• As a first step, we must discuss the very concept of temperature. The range of temperatures studied by physicists is enormous, and every decade of change in temperature brings entirely new types of phenomena. This is a course that will introduce central principles underlying the rich (and at times surprising) array of thermodynamic properties found in large collections of atoms and molecules, which is to say, systems with many "degrees of freedom. " One of the beautiful surprises is the simplicity of the collective behavior which emerges in these enormously complex systems.



• The graphic above illustrates a Superconducting-Insulating Transition observed in ultra-thin samples by the Allen Goldman group at the University of Minnesota, in which tuning parameters such as sample thickness, disorder introduced into the sample, and magnetic field determine the quantum ground state of the system. As any given sample is cooled towards absolute zero temperature, its resistance either moves towards zero or towards infinity (rather dramatically, as the data shown is plotted on a logarithmic scale), with an unstable fixed point at the "quantum resistance for pairs." This is an example of a many-body collective transition, not from a "normal" metal into a superconductor, but from the superconducting state into a very unusual insulating state which is, itself, determined by very rich collective behaviors. In general, as a system approaches a phase transition, there is a great richness to be found in studies of the correlations and of the fluctuations within the system as it moves from one state to another (i.e., "critical behavior").
  
  
• Active research is being done on fluctuation theorems (both theoretically and experimentally). These theorems have great general importance, and include extension of the Second Law of Thermodynamics into the realm of micro-machines and biomolecules. Clearly such work opens up vast new intellectual opportunities.
  
  



• In such studies, we ask, "How does order emerge from chaos and disorder?" It is notable that the fundamental paradigms of spontaneous, symmetry-breaking critical behavior are relevant to an extraordinarily wide range of studies: in many situations, the specific details of the underlying interactions cease to be of importance in what emerges. -- You may wish to read Tom Kibble's recent Physics Today article, which begins: "Topological defects, such as vortices and flux tubes, that arise during phase transitions in condensed-matter systems can serve as models for a far more elusive defect-cosmic strings formed in the early universe."

To each class meeting, you are expected to bring a "status sheet". This is simply a list of (three or so) questions you have regarding the material to be covered in class. I want you to really analyze whether or not you understand the reading. The depth of your considerations, as reflected in your status sheets and in your classroom participation, will account for 10% of your final course grade.

If the material in your primary text is not clear at any point, it is your responsibility to seek out clarifying materials (primarily from your Intro Physics text) and to share insights with the rest of the class during our meetings.

Grading:

• Status Sheets, Preparation, & Participation........10%
• Homework.............................................10%
• 5 In-Term Tests .............................65% (total)
• Final Exam ............................................15%

Tentative Schedule

FINAL EXAMINATION: 3:30 PM on Wolfgang Pauli's Birthday (Friday, April 25). It will be comprehensive.