ENST 100 Environment and Society
Exploration of the relationship between humankind and nature.  This course is designed to encourage critical thinking about the environmental predicaments of the twenty-first century, as well as to provide a theoretical foundation from which to evaluate the causes and possible solutions to these problems. Major theorists, ideas, and schools of thought that have influenced environmentalism are discussed. Required course for the major and the minor. Fulfills general education requirement in Analysis of Values. Offered each fall.

ENST 110 Earth Systems Science
The Earth is changing, and understanding this change requires an understanding of the interrelated systems of the Earth. This course investigates the systems (hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere) and the complex cycles and interactions between them, both globally in the classroom and locally through a field/lab experience. Required course for the major and the minor. Fulfills general education requirements in the Natural Sciences (Physical Science Lab). Offered every fall.

ENST 115/PHYS 120 Energy and Society
This course will enable students to acquire a working knowledge of the fundamental science that underpins various energy technologies, and the manner in which these technologies interact with the environment. Students will conduct comparative analyses of the different energy choices that we might make, both as individuals and as a nation.

ENST/BIOL 120 Ecology and the Environment
Examination of major environmental concepts, problems, and possible solutions. Basic ecological principles will serve as a foundation for discussion of such issues as human overpopulation, resource depletion, and pollution. Required course for the major and the minor. Fulfills general education requirements in the Natural Sciences (Life Science Issues). Offered each spring.

ENST/CHEM 130 Chemistry of the Environment
A survey of chemistry principles with an emphasis on the application of these principles to environmental topics such as air and water pollution, global warming, and energy. Laboratory experiments may involve analysis of water from local stream and lakes and the analysis of vegetables for pesticide residue. Fulfills general education requirements in Natural Sciences (Physical Science Lab). Offered occasionally.

ENST/CHEM 132 Atmospheric Pollution
Air quality is of extreme importance to both human health and environmental health. This course will include discussion of several atmospheric pollution issues, including pollution souces, reactions and transport in the atmosphere, pollution reduction efforts, and the energy needs that underlie many of the causes of the pollution. No prior knowledge of geology is needed, but a basic knowledge of chemistry will be assumed. Fulfills general education requirements in Natural Sciences (Physical Science Issues). Offered occasionally.

ENST/CHEM 135 Water Quality
The definitions of water quality depend heavily on the intended uses of the water supply - for drinking, irrigation, recreation, or ecosystem support. We will take a hands-on approach in studying water quality issues, using local water resources as case studies. A major part of the course will be field trips to measure and monitor water quality in local rivers and lakes. Fulfills general education requirements in Natural Sciences (Physical Science Lab). Offered occasionally

ENST/HIST 248 American Environmental History
Overview of American environmental history from pre-colonial days to the present. This course examines the relationship between social and ecological change, focusing on the impact of native American societies, Western colonialism, and market forces on land-use patterns, biodiversity and the development of the contemporary environmental movement in the United States. Fulfills general education requirement in Cultural Historical Change. Offered in alternative years, fall semester.

ENST 250 Directed Readings in Environmental Studies

ENST/PSCI 260 American Environmental Politics
Basic introduction to the institutional and legal framework of contemporary American environmental policy and to environmental politics in the United States. Policy issues explored include water and air pollution, solid and hazardous waste, endangered species and wilderness preservation, energy development, growth management, and environmental justice. Fulfills general education requirements in Contemporary Social Institutions. Offered in alternate years, fall semester.

ENST/PSCI 261 Risk and Regulation
Contentions surrounding risk analysis continue to challenge the regulatory state. Many risks associated with technological change remain uncertain, and the information available is evaluated differently by scientists, citizens, and industry. The issues addressed include the use of DDT, the regulation of pesticides, the effectiveness of the Superfund legislation, and the debate over the precautionary principle. Cross-listed with Political Science 261. Offered in alternate years.

ENST 270 Special Topics

ENST/ANTH 282 Peoples and Cultures of East Africa
Survey of select east African societies whose cultural adaptations to varied ecosystems make interesting case studies for comparative analysis. Reveals the diversity and the congruity of human social systems. Fulfills general education requirements in Contemporary Social Institutions and Global Diversity. Offered in alternate years.

ENST/ANTH 288 Consuming Passions: The Anthropology of Food
Considers forms of human eating in historical and cross-cultural perspective. Examines various systems of subsistence, from hunting and gathering to horticulture to pastoralism, as well as the symbolic aspects of food choice. Fulfils general education requirements in Analysis of Values and Global diversity. Offered annually

ENST/BIOL 321 Conservation Biology (prerequisite: ENST 120)
Ecological principles and conservation law and policy will serve as a basis to assess human impacts on biological diversity and to develop practical approaches to prevent species extinction. The course will include off campus lectures and field trips. The topics covered include extinction as an historical/contemporary process, invasive species, global climate change, endangered/threatened species conservation and watershed/ecosystem management. Offered in alternate years, spring semester

ENST/CHEM 330 Topics in Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology
Application of chemistry and biology fundamentals to the study of fate and behavior of chemicals in the environment. The course will consider natural chemical processes, reactivity and transport of pollutant chemicals, and exposure and toxicology of potentially toxic pollutants to humans and the biosphere. Prerequisites: CHEM 311 and BIOL 102, or consent of instructor. Offered in alternate years, spring semester.

ENST/BIOL 350 Tropical Ecology
Introduction to the ecosystems, animals, and plants of Costa Rica, including issues associated with the preservation of bio-diversity. Studies will be conducted both in the field and in the classroom. Prerequisite: Environmental Studies 120, declared minor in Environmental Studies, consent of instructor. Fulfills general education requirements in Natural Sciences (Life Science Issues) and Global Diversity. Offered in May Term.

ENST/PSCI 360 Comparative Environmental Politics
Examination of how different political-economic systems shape the environmental policy process and impact the environment. This course considers how party-structure, mode of interest articulation, economic system and level of development affect environmental policy. Countries studied include the United States, Germany, former Soviet Union/Russia, China, India, Brazil and Nigeria. Prerequisite: a course in either political science or environmental studies strongly recommended. Fulfills general education requirements in Contemporary Social Institutions and Global Diversity. Offered alternate years, spring semester.

ENST/PSCI 361 Globalization and the Environment
Introduction to the international politics behind efforts to deal with tropical deforestation, ozone depletion, global warming, loss of biodiversity and transnational transfer of hazardous wastes. Actors, conferences, and accords involved in the international environmental policy process are discussed, with particular attention to different positions of industrialized versus developing countries. Fulfills general education requirements in Contemporary Social Institutions and Global Diversity. Offered alternate years, spring semester.

ENST/PSCI 362 Cooperation in Environmental Policymaking: The Public-private Sector Nexus
The course begins on campus surveying some of the theoretical and empirical issues of US environmental policy followed by travel to a site where environmental policy is an active issue. Recent examples include the Appalachian mountain region, Georgia's Chattooga River, and California's Tuolumne River and the Navarro River Watershed. Offered in May Term.

ENST/PSCI 365 Ethical Dilemmas in Environmental Politics
When can non-human claims trump human interests? Does humanism provide a coherent lens for resolving environmental issues? How do answers to these questions influence our answers to dilemmas in environmental politics such as how to weigh the value of biodiversity and whether to use cost/benefit analysis to evaluate and determine regulatory policy? Utilitarian, Kantian, Social Context, and holistic theories are introduced as competing criteria for evaluating the risk of environmental harm caused by human development. Fulfills general education requirements in Analysis of Values. Offered in alternate years.

ENST 370 Special Topics

ENST 397 Internship
Students may arrange an internship with an environmental-related agency. Prerequisites: Environmental Studies 100 and 110 or 120, declared major or minor in Environmental Studies, junior or senior standing, and consent of the Environmental Studies Director. Offered each semester.

ENST 450 Independent Study
Individual study in an area of interest relating to the environment. Students must devise a plan of study in cooperation with a supervising faculty member. Prerequisites: Environmental Studies 100 and 110 or 120, declared major or minor in Environmental Studies, junior or senior standing, and consent of the supervising faculty member and the Environmental Studies Director. Offered each semester.

ENST 451 Independent Research and Writing
Individual study in an area of interest relating to the environment. In cooperation with a supervising faculty member, student must devise a plan of research which includes a significant writing project. Students must present this preliminary research proposal to a faculty member in writing, and receive the faculty member's approval of the topic and consent to provide instruction in writing appropriate to the subfield of Environmental Studies. Prerequisites: ENST 100 and either ENST 110 or 120, declared major in Environmental Studies, junior or senior standing, and consent of the supervising faculty member and the Environmental Studies Director. Fulfills general education requirements in Writing Intensive. Offered each semester.

ENST 480 Senior Seminar: Creating a Sustainable Society
An advanced analysis through a seminar format of a particular topic in Environmental Studies, selected in consultation with ES students in their junior year. Applying the subfield perspective they have acquired in earlier coursework, each student will research and write a substantial paper on the seminar topic and present his or her findings orally. Taken collectively, these individual works will provide a multidisciplinary analysis of the seminar topic. Prerequisite: Majors and minors with senior standing who have completed ENST 100, either ENST 110 or 120 and at least two ES-approved courses at the 300-level or above. Fulfills the general education requirements in Writing Intensive. Offered annually.

Courses which receive credit in the Environmental Studies Program but are not cross-listed as ES courses

ANTH 288 Consuming Passions: The Anthropology of Food
Considers forms of human eating in historical and cross-cultural perspective. Examines various systems of subsistence, from hunting and gathering to horticulture to pastoralism, as well as the symbolic aspects of food choice. Fulfils general education requirements in Analysis of Values and Global diversity. Offered annually

BIOL 164 Marine Realm
This course examines the inspiring diversity of marine life and investigates the interactions of humans with the marine environment. Credit will not be given toward the biology major or minor. Fulfills general education requirements in Natural Sciences (Life Science Issues) and Global Diversity. Offered each spring.

BIOL 217 Introductory Ecology
An introduction to the major concepts of ecology; the structure and function of ecosystems, population and community dynamics, and plant and animal adaptations. Four hours of lecture and four hours of laboratory/field work per week. Prerequisites: 101 and 102. Fulfills general education requirements in Writing Intensive. Offered each fall.

BIOL 302 Parasitology
An in-depth study of the life histories of parasites and the medical, environmental, and economic impact of parasites to human and animal populations. Emphasis will be placed on evolution of parasite-host relationships and on the environmental consequences and cost of parasite treatment and control. Prerequisite: BIOL 101, 102, or 107 and 108 or permission of the instructor. Fulfills general education requirements in Writing Intensive flag. Offered in alternate years, spring semester.

ECON 340 Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
The application of microeconomics to issues of the environment and natural resource use. Economic institutions are examined for their effects on the use of renewable and non-renewable resources. The economic causes of pollution and the available policy responses are explored. Prerequisite: ECON 100. Offered in alternate years.

ENGL 170 Radioactive: Writing in the Nuclear Age

ENGL 220 American Ground Zero

ENGL 220 Thinking like a Mountain: Literature and Environmental Consciousness

PHIL 302 Ethics and the Environment
An examination of different ethical theories to see which provide an adequate basis for deciding whether and how we ought morally to treat non-human entities, including non-human animals, and "nature." We will consider the answers they provide to fundamental ethical questions concerning the environment. What kind of value do non-human entities have? Do we have obligations to non-human animals and to future generations (of people, animals, plants, nature)? Fulfills general education requirement in Analysis of Values. Offered in alternate years, spring semester.

HIST 360 Modern Brazil
An in-depth study of Brazilian history and culture from the independence period to the present. Brazil is the most populous Latin American nation with the world's eighth largest economy and fifth largest area. Offered in alternate years.

PHYS 239 Problems of Nuclear Disarmament
An examination of reasons for the continual existence of nuclear weapons. Elementary atomic and nuclear physics, the physics of nuclear weapons and the results of their use. Consideration of possible approaches to nuclear disarmament and the responsibility of scientists with respect to disarmament. Literature and film, exploring the effect of nuclear warfare on life and culture in Japan. Fulfills general education requirements for Natural Sciences (Physical Science Issues) and Global Diversity. Offered annually.

SOC 344 Population and Environment
Studies the causes and consequences of population change. Topics include the principle of demography, the processes of fertility, mortality and migration, and the impact of population and technology on the natural envrionment. Offered in alternate years.