Prairie, the most prevalent ecosystem of Illinois before the American settlers
came, is now almost extinct in the state. Several theories suggest that neolitic
native Americans may have had a hand in creating this ecosystem through their
use of fire. What humans have had a hand in creating, they may also have
a mind to preserve and develop. It can be argued that those of us who now
live in the state have an obligation to restore prairie habitat. This obligation
arises from our duties to the habitat itself, to the larger earthly community,
and to ourselves.
We owe it to the habitat itself because it was and still
is a self-sustaining system that generated and still generates many unique
species of life. Botanists have identified over 2400 species of flora in
Illinois. A small but substanital number of these species can be readily
identified as the hybrid offspring of two other speices. This suggests that
Illinois' prairie and other plant ecosystems continue to generate new life
forms. The creative power that engenders life is awesome and as such deserves
respect.
We owe it to the larger earthly community because this
little part of the earth's bio-diversity is nearly extinct, and the humans
in every part of the world are obligated to maintain and preserve the species
diversity (albeit ever-changing and evolving) they have inherited. [That
second clause is a huge unsupported premise for those uncritical readers
out there!] Exotic plants can be welcomed into this dance of life, but special
attention must be given to the many native plants on the verge of extinction
simply because of human carelessness.
We owe it to ourselves because our way of life has developed
the extensive farming techniques that have threatened and still threaten
the prairie ecosystem. We are obligated to try to make whole what we have
broken when what we have broken is awe-inspiring and beautiful, as prairies
are. Our farm communities should look for ways to intergrate native flora
into their lands, and urban communities in Illinois should encourage sustainable
farming practices--which release fewer toxins into the air and water, and
thereby pose less risk to native habitat--by buying sustainably grown food.
Prairie restoration and community supported agriculture are two important
parts of this process.
In states like Illinois and Iowa that used to be covered with tall grass prairie there is almost none left. There is a lot of restoration work that needs to be done. Here are some useful sites, virtual and real, to get you started.
Grand Prairie Friends
P.O. Box 36
Urbana, Illinois 61803-0036
www.prairienet.org/gpf/homepage.html
Rails to Trails Conservancy
1100 17th Street, NW
10th Floor
Washington, D.C. 20036
www.railstrails.org
Parklands Foundation
McLean County, Illinois
The Natural Garden
St. Charles, Illinois
Prairie Moon Nursery
mailto:pmnrsy@luminet.net
http://www.prairiemoonnursery.com
Check out the species list for the Revis Hill Prairie Nature Preserve in
Mason County, Illinois at www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kenr/Revis.html
Listen to Dave Monk (The Prairie Monk, dmonk@prairienet.org)
on WEFT 90.1 Urbana Sundays at 11:30
The best prairie web site I have ever seen is by Kenneth R. Robertson. See his homepage at http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kenr/my_home.html, and his prairie page: http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kenr/tallgrass.html
Learn more about the Savoy, Illinois prairie: Savoy Prairie: Intro Page One Page Two Page Three
Hopefully, front yard prairies will soon become common alternatives to
the bluegrass lawn in places like Illinois were prairie plants grow so easily.
Why should we replace our lawns with native plants?
Consider these lawn facts from Borman, Balmori, and Geballe, Redesigning
the American Lawn (Yale University Press, 1993):
A lawnmower pollutes as much in one hour as does driving an automobile
for 350 miles.
20,000,000 acres are planted in residential lawns.
30 to 60 percent of urban fresh water is used for watering lawns (depending
on the city).
See also the entertaining analysis in The Lawn: A History of An American Obsession by Virginia Scott Jenkins (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994).
Listed below are the mostly native species I have growing in my front and
backyard--no more than about 1300 square feet. It is amazing how much biodiversity
richness one can develop in a small space.
This list, which is still incomplete, features over 100 species--therefore
I take the liberty of calling it a botanical garden.
TAYLOR STREET BOTANICAL GARDEN PLANT LIST
Alumroot
Heuchera
americana
Saxifrage
5/21/2006
American Pasqueflower Pulsatilla patens
Buttercup
6/19/2004
Bellwort
Uvularia
grandiflora
Lily
5/21/2006
Biennial Beeblossom
Gaura biennis
Evening-primrose
5/21/2006
Big Bluestem
Andropogon gerardii
Grass
6/19/2004
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
Aster
6/19/2004
Bloodroot
Sanguinaria
canadensis
Poppy
5/21/2006
Blue Flag
Iris versicolor
Iris
5/21/2006
Blue Sage
Salvia azurea
Mint
5/21/2006
Blue Wild Indigo
Baptisia australis
Pea
5/21/2006
Blue-eyed Grass
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Iris
5/21/2006
Bottlebrush Grass
Elymus hystrix (Hystrix patula) Grass
6/19/2004
Bottle Gentian
Gentiana andrewsii
Gentian
5/21/2006
Brown-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia triloba
Aster
6/19/2004
Butterfly Weed
Asclepias tuberosa
Milkweed
6/19/2004
Canadian Burnet
Sanguisorba canadensis
Rose
6/19/2004
Cardinal Flower
Lobelia cardinalis
Bellflower
6/19/2004
Chicory
Cichorium
intybus
Aster
5/21/2006
Closed Bottle Gentian Gentiana
andrewsii
Gentian
5/21/2006
Columbine
Aquilegia candensis
Buttercup
5/21/2006
Common Blue Violet Viola
sororia
Violet
6/19/2004
Compass Plant
Silphium laciniatum
Aster
6/19/2004
Cream False Indigo
Baptisia leucophaea
Pea
6/19/2004
Cream Gentian
Gentiana flavida
Gentian
5/21/2006
Creeping Phlox
Phlox stolonifera
Phlox
6/19/2004
Crested Dwarf Iris
Iris cristata
Iris
6/19/2004
Culver's Root
Veronicastrum virginicum
Figwort
6/19/2004
Cup-plant
Silphium perfoliatum
Aster
6/19/2004
Daisy Fleabane
Erigeron annuus
Aster
6/19/2004
Daylily
Hemerocallis
fulva
Lily
6/19/2004
Dense Blazing Star
Liatris spicata
Aster
6/19/2004
Dutchman's Breeches Dicentra
cucullaria
Fumitory
6/19/2004
Firewheel Blanketflower Gaillardia pulchella
Aster
5/21/2006
Foxglove Beardtongue Penstemon
digitalis
Figwort
6/19/2004
Golden Alexanders
Zizia aurea
Carrot
6/19/2004
Great Blue Lobelia
Lobelia siphilitica
Bellflower
6/19/2004
Greek Valerian
Polemonium reptans
Phlox
5/21/2006
Heath Aster
Aster ericoides
Aster
6/19/2004
Jack-in-the-pulpit
Arisaema triphyllum
Arum
6/19/2004
Jacob’s Ladder
Polemonium reptans
Phlox
5/21/2006
Jerusalem Artichoke Helianthus
tuberosus
Aster
5/21/2006
Joe Pye Weed
Eupatorium maculatum
Aster
5/21/2006
Kankakee Mallow
Illiana remota
Mallow
5/21/2006
Large Blazing Star
Liatris scariosa
Aster
6/19/2004
Large-flower Beardtongue Penstemon grandiflorus
Figwort
6/19/2004
Large-flower Bellwort Uvularia grandiflora
Lily
6/19/2004
Large-Flower Coreopsis Coreopsis grandiflora
Aster
6/19/2004
Large-flower Trillium Trillium
grandiflorum
Lily
6/19/2004
Larger Blueflag
Iris versicolor
Iris
6/19/2004
Leadplant
Amorpha canescens
Pea
6/19/2004
Little Bluestem
Andropogon scoparius
Grass
6/19/2004
Maidenhair Fern
Adiantum pedatum
Fern
5/21/2006
Marsh Phlox
Phlox glaberrima
Phlox
5/21/2006
May-apple
Podophyllum peltatum
Barberry
5/21/2006
Michigan Lily
Lilium michiganense
Lily
5/21/2006
Midland Shootingstar Dodecatheon
amethystinum Primrose
6/19/2004
Narrowleaf Springbeauty Claytonia virginica
Purslane
5/21/2006
Narrowleaf Obedient Plant Physostegia angustifolia
Mint
5/21/2006
New England Aster
Aster novae-angliae
Aster
6/19/2004
Northern Dropseed
Sporobolus heterolepis
Grass
5/21/2006
Obedient Plant
Physostegia virginiana
Mint
6/19/2004
Ohio Spiderwort
Tradescantia ohiensis
Spiderwort
5/21/2006
Ostrich Fern
Matteucia struthiopteris
Fern
5/21/2006
Oxeye Sunflower
Heliopsis helianthoides
Aster
6/19/2004
Oxeye Daisy
Leucanthemum vulgare
Aster
5/21/2006
Pale Purple Coneflower Echinacea pallida
Aster
6/19/2004
Periwinkle
Vinca minor
Dogbane
6/19/2004
Prairie Blazing Star
Liatris pycnostachya
Aster
5/21/2006
Prairie Coneflower
Ratibida pinnata
Aster
6/19/2004
Prairie Cordgrass
Spartina pectinata
Grass
6/19/2004
Prairie Coreopsis
Coreopsis palmata
Aster
6/19/2004
Prairie Dock
Silphium tenebinthinaceum
Aster
5/21/2006
Prairie Dropseed
Sporobolus heterolepis
Grass
6/19/2004
Prairie Smoke
Geum triflorum
Rose
6/19/2004
Prairie Wild Rose
Rosa arkansana
Rose
5/21/2006
Purple Clematis
Clematis occidentalis
Buttercup
5/21/2006
Purple Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea
Aster
6/19/2004
Purple Meadow-rue Thalictrum
dioicum
Buttercup
6/19/2004
Purple Prairie Clover
Petalostemum purpurea Pea
6/19/2004
Rattlesnake Master
Eryngium yuccifolium
Carrot
6/19/2004
Rough Blazing Star
Liatris aspera
Aster
5/21/2006
Royal Catchfly
Silene regia
Carnation
6/19/2004
Short’s Sedge
Carex shortiana
Sedge
5/21/2006
Showy Tick Trefoil
Desmodium canadense
Pea
6/19/2004
Sky-blue Aster
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense Aster
6/19/2004
Smooth Aster
Symphyotrichum laeve
Aster
6/19/2004
Starry Campion
Silene stellata
Carnation
6/19/2004
Stiff Tickseed
Coreopsis palmata
Aster
5/21/2006
Swamp Milkweed
Asclepias incarnata
Milkweed
6/19/2004
Tall Bellflower
Campanula americana
Bellflower
5/21/2006
Tall Coreopsis
Coreposis tripteris
Aster
5/21/2006
Tall Goldenrod
Solidago altissima
Aster
6/19/2004
Tennessee Coneflower Echinacea
tennesseensis Aster
5/21/2006
Toad Shade
Trillium sessile
Lily
5/21/2006
Topeka Coneflower
Echinacea artorubens
Aster
5/21/2006
Virginia Bluebells
Mertensia virginica
Borage
6/19/2004
Virginia Waterleaf
Hydrophyllum virginianum Waterleaf
6/19/2004
Western Ironweed
Vernonia baldwinii
Aster
6/19/2004
White Campion
Silene vulgaris
Carnation
5/21/2006
White Wood Aster
Aster divaricatus
Aster
6/19/2004
Wild Bergamot
Monarda fistulosa
Mint
6/19/2004
Wild Bleeding Heart
Dicentra eximia
Fumitory
6/19/2004
Wild Blue Phlox
Phlox divaricata
Phlox
5/21/2006
Wild Columbine
Aquilegia canadensis
Buttercup
6/19/2004
Wild Geranium
Geranium maculatum
Geranium
5/21/2006
Wild Ginger
Asarum canadense
Birthwort
6/19/2004
Wild Golden Glow
Rudbeckia laciniata
Aster
5/21/2006
Wild Leek
Allium tricoccum
Lily
5/21/2006
Wild Quinine
Parthenium integrifolium
Aster
6/19/2004
Wild Sweet William Phlox
maculata
Phlox
5/21/2006
Wood Anemone
Anemone quinquefolia
Buttercup
5/21/2006
Wood Poppy
Stylophorum diphyllum
Poppy
6/19/2004
Yellow Indian Grass Sorghastrum
nutans
Grass
6/19/2004